![]() Most ATF formulations are open 3rd party licensing, and certification by the automobile manufacturer.Įach manufacturer has specific ATF requirements. Some vehicle manufacturers will require "genuine" or Original Equipment Manufacturer ( OEM) ATF. These products are sold under license from the OEM responsible for establishing the specification. Some ATF specifications are open to competing brands, such as the common DEXRON specification, where different manufacturers use different chemicals to meet the same performance specification. The vehicle's owner's manual will typically list the ATF specification(s) that are recommended by the manufacturer.Īutomatic transmission fluids have many performance-enhancing chemicals added to the fluid to meet the demands of each transmission. There are many specifications for ATF, such as the General Motors (GM) DEXRON and the Ford MERCON series, and the vehicle manufacturer will identify the ATF specification appropriate for each vehicle. In many countries, Ford have said that the modern Dex3 fluid is fine for the same transmissions that they say require the older standard. It would be required for Ford, BorgWarner to prove that their transmissions are somehow harmed by friction modifiers. Note that the friction modifier only means that the fluid sticks to the surface of the metal a little more strongly, and therefore only helps to prevent early wear. ![]() According to the same oil distributor, the M2C-33 G specification requires fluids which provide improved shear resistance and oxidation protection, better low-temperature fluidity, better EP (extreme pressure) properties and additional seal tests over and above M2C-33 F quality fluids. All ATFs contain friction modifiers, except for those ATFs specified for some Ford transmissions and the John Deere J-21A specification the Ford ESP (or ESW) - M2C-33 F specification Type F ATF ( Ford-O-Matic) and Ford ESP (or ESW) - M2C-33 G specification Type G ATF (1980s Ford Europe and Japan) specifically excludes the addition of friction modifiers. ![]() Most ATFs contain some combination of additives that improve lubricating qualities, such as anti-wear additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants and surfactants (which protect and clean metal surfaces) kinematic viscosity and viscosity index improvers and modifiers, seal swell additives and agents (which extend the rotational speed range and temperature range of the additives' application) anti-foam additives and anti-oxidation compounds to inhibit oxidation and "boil-off" (which extends the life of the additives' application) cold-flow improvers, high-temperature thickeners, gasket conditioners, pour point depressant and petroleum dye. ![]() Modern ATF consists of a base oil plus an additive package containing a wide variety of chemical compounds intended to provide the required properties of a particular ATF specification. The fluid is optimized for the special requirements of a transmission, such as valve operation, brake band friction, and the torque converter, as well as gear lubrication.ĪTF is also used as a hydraulic fluid in some power steering systems, as a lubricant in some 4WD transfer cases, and in some modern manual transmissions. It is typically coloured red or green to distinguish it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle. Automatic transmission fluid ( ATF) is a type of hydraulic fluid used in vehicles with automatic transmissions. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Visit rates are based on estimates of the U.S. NOTES: Based on a sample of 14,860 emergency department (ED) visits made by patients in 2020, representing approximately 131 million ED visits. Emergency department visit rate, by age group: United States, 2020ġSignificantly different from under 1 and 75 and over. ED visit rates were similar for adults aged 18–74, ranging from 39 to 43 visits per 100 people.įigure 1. ![]() The ED visit rate for children aged 1–17 years (29 visits per 100 children) was lower than the rates for all adult age groups.The ED visit rates for infants under age 1 year (68 visits per 100 infants) and adults aged 75 and over (63 visits per 100 people) were higher compared with all other age groups.An estimated 131 million ED visits occurred in 2020, with a total ED visit rate of 40 visits per 100 people ( Figure 1).Keywords: COVID-19, emergency care, patient characteristics, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey What was the ED visit rate in 2020, and did visit rates vary by age group? This report presents characteristics of ED visits, including those with mentions of COVID-19, by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and primary expected source of payment, using data from the 2020 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) ( 5). In that time, over 20 million cases of COVID-19 caused a disruption in access to and use of care ( 4). Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.In 2020, an estimated 131 million emergency department (ED) visits occurred in the United States, with 19.0% of adults reporting a visit and 4.7% of children reporting two or more visits in the past 12 months ( 1–3). If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.įor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. ![]() View your signed in personal account and access account management features.Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.Ĭlick the account icon in the top right to: See below.Ī personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. ![]()
![]() ![]() In the clip set to “Santa Baby” by Eartha Kitt, the “Toxic” singer celebrated her birthday by drinking a bottle of champagne on her living room floor decorated with balloons and rose petals. “It’s my first year in 15 years being treated as an equal and good God I didn’t know about this NO RULE THING !!! Pssss this video is so blurry sorry □□♀️ !!! Is it a little awkward or weird to watch ? DUH □ that’s the whole point□□□ !!!” Britney Spears posted a strange video in a red catsuit to her Instagram on Friday. The Grammy-winning singer went on to say that her “goals” this year are to become more “comfortable” around people, crash a wedding and “sing a song or two.” “Yep it’s my b-day all week and I know my Instagram has been down a few times but honestly I did the last two times myself !” the songstress captioned the strange video. The Toxic singer, who is pregnant with her fiance Sam Asghari. Instagram/britneyspears Spears became a mom in 2005.Sam Asghari marks first wedding anniversary with Britney Spears after she deletes Instagramīritney Spears made her return to Instagram on Friday by posting an “awkward” video where she ate cake off the floor and flipped off her 41 million followers.Īfter deactivating her account on Tuesday - which she has done multiple times before - the 41-year-old said she “accidentally pressed wrong button.” Britney Spears has stripped down for another raunchy Instagram post, just weeks after announcing her pregnancy. The pop star posted this photo of Preston ahead of his move. They chose to skip her wedding to Sam Asghari that June.Ī recent TV special claimed Preston and Jayden “weren’t even responding” to their mom’s text messages last summer due to her nude social media uploads. The 41-year-old, posted a set of vintage snaps on Instagram. “Britney Spears will not interfere with and consents to the relocation,” her attorney said.Ī source previously confirmed to us that the “Womanizer” singer, whose conservatorship ended in November 2021, last saw her sons in early 2022. Britney Spears shared an interesting social media post, celebrating one of her most popular nude photos. 6 Jennifer Savin Maat 3:53 AM 2 min read Photo credit: Britney Spears - Instagram In recent months, since being released from her thirteen-year-long oppressive conservatorship. The boys are moving to the Aloha State with their father, Kevin Federline. ![]() Page Six broke the news last week that Spears signed off on the move amid her estrangement from her kids. Sean Preston, 17, and Jayden, 16, are packing their bags because their stepmother, Victoria Prince, got a new job in the Aloha State. Spears’ accompanying video showed her twirling around a room in Maui last year, which she notably reposted as her two sons prepare to move from California to Hawaii with their father, Kevin Federline. Spears shared the post as her sons, Sean Preston, 17, and Jayden, 16, prepare to move to Hawaii. “I’m going to London next week to go shopping □️ so things aren’t too shabby,” she wrote. The “Toxic” singer - who has not released an album since August 2016 but teamed up with Elton John last year for their “Hold Me Closer” duet - quickly brushed off the wounds of her past and left her 42.1 million followers on a positive note. ![]() “I guess it was all those rules you know !!! Guess all those rules and not having a voice for 13 years in what I wanted gave a lot of people a thrill ride !!! Oh well !!! Psss no wonder I quit the business JUST SAYING !!!” Happy 39th Birthday, Britney Spears Lets Celebrate with Your. Britney Spears wrote on Instagram that she has “quit the business.” britneyspears/Instagram The “Toxic” singer posted a video of herself dancing to her “favorite” song “Get Naked (I Got a Plan).” britneyspears/Instagram She recalled having to follow “all those rules” during her 13-year conservatorship. Britney Spears Sexiest (and Most Stylish) Instagram Photos Instagram Beach, Instagram Video. “It was really weird because my dancers took the stage for this song □ !!! Oh well !!! I listened to this song today and actually realized it for the first time □□□□□□ !!!” she wrote. Spears, 41, then looked back on her performance days and how she had to share the spotlight with her backup dancers. The Princess of Pop shared a throwback video of herself dancing in a crop top and shorts to 2007’s “Get Naked (I Got a Plan),” writing in the caption that it is her “favorite” song from her two-decade career. Sam Asghari marks first wedding anniversary with Britney Spears after she deletes Instagramīritney Spears casually declared that she “quit the business” as she reflected on her 13-year conservatorship in a candid new Instagram post. ![]() |